Single Sex Education vs Co-Education Research Paper

Single Sex Education vs Co-Education - Research Paper Example Today, most of the single sex educational institutions in various countries have been converted into coeducation schools or colleges. However, the effectiveness of coeducation is still doubtful as many researches have pointed out the benefits of single sex education as well. It has been identified that single-sex education caters best to the academic achievement of girls. The present study, therefore, seeks to explore the various advantages and disadvantages of both single sex and coeducation systems of education and in doing so the paper deals with the history and growth of both the educational systems as well. Definitions It is worthwhile to understand the scope and significance of both single-sex and coeducation systems. Single-sex education is so designed to meet the educational needs of a particular sex only. As pointed out by Mael et al, â€Å"single-sex education refers most generally to education at the elementary, secondary, or postsecondary level in which males or females attend school exclusively with members of their own sex† (Mael et al ix). On the other hand, coeducation can be defined as an integrated system of education for both the sexes and as such the educational system is also known as mixed schooling. Coeducational system seeks to put an end to the educational disparities that prevail in communities and the ultimate aim of coeducation is to offer equal educational opportunities to everyone irrespective of one’s gender or sex. ... In this respect, Radford observes that it is the â€Å"social pressures to encourage cross-sex contact and socialization in a more ‘natural’ environment† that have promoted the growing number of co-education system since the 1960s (Radford 27). Early researches on co-education and single-sex education identified that co-education is highly beneficial for boys whereas there was no noticeable positive impacts on the academic achievement of girls. Studies have also shown that in terms of academic achievement single-sex education best suits for girls. Marsh et al merged one girls’ and one boys’ school into two co-educational schools and the results of the five-year longitudinal study revealed that the merger increased the self-concept of both sexes even though there was no considerable evidence in terms of better academic achievement (Radford 28). Another remarkable study conducted by Lee and Bryk in 1986 revealed that â€Å"girls in single-sex schools were more likely to associate with academically oriented peers, and have an interest in both mathematics and English† (Radford 29). On the other hand, there are many others who hold that coeducation facilitates socialization and that the system prepares girls towards social and democratic life. Therefore, it is imperative to identify which of the two systems best cater to the modern society and for this it is essential to make a probe into the pros and cons of both coeducation and single-sex education. Literature Review The literature review of the paper focuses on the history and growth of both coeducation and single sex education, evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of both the system, reviews the previous researches and studies on their pros and cons, evaluates the present day status of both

The Good Earth by Pearl S Bucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Good Earth by Pearl S Bucks - Essay Example As with the ox, Wang Lung is reduced to a passive role, burying the infant and contemplating, in so far as hes able, his wifes striking drive to live (Baw 16). This is actually one of the more tragic events that occur in this book. After the birth of her latest child in this chapter, when Wang Lung goes into his wifes room to see how she is and how the baby is, O-Lan tells him that the girl child has died, with the simple word "dead"(Baw 24) However, Wang Lung heard the baby cry after it was born, and so he is somewhat suspicious. When he takes the babys body and sees two â€Å"dark, bruised spots" (Baw 24) on the neck of his daughter, he understands that his wife, driven by desperation of the poverty and want that his family were facing, actually killed her own daughter to spare her a life of starvation and slow, grinding death. Wang Lungs response to this is a sign of the depth of his despair (Baw 23). During the period of the devastating drought and famine, the family has to flee to the south in a large city to find work for them to survive. Wang Lung’s uncle, for significantly lesser value, offers to buy his possessions and land. Expect for the house and land, everything else is sold by the family (Baw 17). Wang Lung later found out that O-lan had a bundle that contained many jewels that were very precious. She had come by the jewels when she, together with her husband, happened to be in a house of a rich man. Wang Lung used the jewels to buy more land (Baw 16). Then there came successive prosperity years and Wang Lung became very rich landowner and farmer. He then decided to educate his sons, ware of the disadvantages of his illiteracy. He now had a boy and girl- twins, apart from the daughter and two sons they had before they went south (Baw 18). Much of Wang Lung changed after he got rich- his attitude, his personality as well as his family life. He started having affairs. He was

Consumer behaviour within financial services Essay

Consumer behaviour within financial services - Essay Example The paper is based primarily on the views of the literature regarding the consumer behaviour on several industrial sectors and specifically the financial services industry. The development of consumer behaviour in modern financial markets can be influenced by a series of parameters including the structure of the particular market, the needs of consumers and the local cultural and social trends. UK can be considered as an indicative example of the interaction between consumer behaviour and the strategies followed by firms in the financial services industry. More specifically, the study of Nairn revealed that ‘the Sandler report of 2002 found a  £27bn shortfall in the UK nation's savings; the report highlights the industry changes necessary for citizens to increase investment for their future and thus reduce this deficit’. The above report is mentioned by Nairn because of its importance for the development of a specific mode of consumer behaviour in the financial service s industry. Moreover, the examination of all issues related with commercial activity in financial services industry showed that ‘the marketing departments in financial services organisations can go beyond this and harness 'risk tolerance' as a segmentation variable to alter behaviour on a more targeted, micro level; it is suggested that this practice could have an even more profound effect than that envisaged by Sandler’.

ANTIGENS, ANTIBODIES AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE Essay

ANTIGENS, ANTIBODIES AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE - Essay Example This essay shall discuss antigens, antibodies, and the immune response, including what can happen when a patient has an immune reaction to a blood transfusion. First and foremost, the skin itself is the body’s first line of defence. The skin defends the body as it makes it impenetrable to organisms (Kauffman, et.al., 2002). The oil and sweat glands of the skin helps prevent the growth of microorganisms; moreover, sweat has lysozymes which then break down bacterial cell walls. Aside from the skin, the digestive and respiratory tracts also have natural defence mechanisms (Raven, 2006). The cells lining these tracts contain bronchi and bronchioles where mucus is secreted and where microorganisms are then trapped. They are then naturally expelled through coughing, sneezing, vomiting, and diarrhoea. The second line of defence of the body is the cellular level line of defence. Such line of defence includes cells of the body which mostly function for the specific management and elimination of microorganisms (Gorbach, et.al., 2003). The macrophages are the large and irregularly shaped cells. They usually eliminate microbes by ingesting them using the process of phagocytosis. In the macrophage, the lysosome is fused with the bacteria and the microbe is then killed with free radicals in significant quantities released (Raven, 2006). Macrophages also consume viruses and dust particles. They are located in the extracellular fluid and their actions support the actions of other parts of the body, mostly the spleen and the bone marrow. The neutrophils are another type of cell which helps fight off microorganisms (Hornef, et.al., 2002). These are leukocytes which ingest and then kill bacteria, also applying the process of phagocytosis. They also release chemicals which kill the bacteria. The natural killer cells do not directly attack the

Strategic analysis of the case, fisher and paykel healthcare Research Paper

Strategic analysis of the case, fisher and paykel healthcare - Research Paper Example This paper is a strategic analysis of the case of Fisher and Paykel Healthcare. The paper begins with an introduction of the company, its products and the industry in which it operates. As the paper proceeds it unfolds the external environment analysis which examines political/legal, economic, socio-cultural, global and technological factors. The most promising findings of this scrutiny were that aging and obesity has fuelled demand for healthcare products in major economies of the world which has created growth prospects for FPH. The industry environment analysis unfolds that the industry is in the phase of growth and offers great market potential across global markets. But all the market attractiveness is accompanied with high cost of research and development, patents and licensing, and huge marketing and distribution expenses which creates implicit barriers for new entrants. The demand for healthcare has inflated in the past 2 decades with the growing awareness of health issues in US and other global markets, which will serve as a driver of investment in research and development and medical devices production. The internal and external analysis of the company reveals the FPH strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This analysis bears implications for FPH, consequently it leads to a proposal of growth, price leadership and innovation led differentiation strategies which leverage the FPH core competencies and capabilities, for future market expansion and penetration for all its product categories. Introduction of Fisher & Paykel Healthcare The company was established in 1934 by Mr. Paykel in New Zealand. It started as an imported of electronics from USA. Later in 1977 a separate division was established to support the humidification business at F&P and finally by 2001 the company split up into two separate identities for electronics and healthcare business named as: Fisher & Paykel Appliances, FPA, and Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, FPH. FPH business deals in humidification systems, OSA products and technologies, and neo-natal care. The FPH is attributed to innovative developments in healthcare products. The company’s business intent revolves around patient value and comfort. FPH is looking forward to penetrate the market through a whole array of new products; non invasive ventilation, oxygen therapy, laparoscopic surgery, and humidity therapy. External Analysis: Industry The healthcare industry is characterised with two major segments one which deals with outpatient care through provision of healthcare equipment, it deals with the ultimate consumers/patients; and the other segments deals with technological innovations in those healthcare equipments. The FPH business and operations lie in the later segment; for innovation and development of healthcare technology. The industry is in the phase of growth and offers great market potential across global markets. But all the market attractiveness is accompanied with high cost of research and development, patents and licensing, and huge marketing and distribution expenses which creates implicit barriers for new entrants. The demand for healthcare has inflated in the past 2 decades with the growing awareness of health issues in US and other global markets, which will serve as a driver of investment in research and development and medical devices production. Macro Environment Analysis The macro environment analysis is the examination of FPH’s external factors that might influence and manipulate the eff ectiveness and efficacy capabilities of business operations (Balogun, 2001). These factors are external forces that lie beyond the scope of an organisation’s control, which are illustrated below: 1. Economic Factors: The economic conditions vary across the globe. These are influenced by the business activity

Five Challenges for the Future of Media-Effects Essay

Five Challenges for the Future of Media-Effects - Essay Example Through the research of Peter and Valkenburg, it is vivid that the effect of media on individuals is evident. But at this point, they both have managed to show that these effects show a slight or major difference when compared to other disciplines. â€Å"Five Challenges for the Future of  Media-Effects  Research† shows that the changes in cognition, emotional and behavioral attitude of individuals attributable to the media effects are different from other social and behavioral sciences. They have presented a number of figures and statistics that point out this difference. They have gathered the results of different experiments performed by different experts to show the deviations. These surveys of different experiments helped them to construct their argument that will further be strengthened by the drawbacks and solutions. They completely agree with the fact that the media effects are inevitable and they affect every individual. But the impact of this effect depends on age, gender and taste that is often overlooked while experimenting or collecting data. The authors then present five major challenges that need not be overlooked while carrying out an experiment that determines the effect of a certain act on individuals. They travel from micro level to macro keeping in mind the minute details that shall not be overlooked. The first challenge is the Improvement of Media Exposure Measures that includes the risk of self-reported  data in which an individual might feel uncomfortable while revealing intimate information due to public pressure so this will give an opinion shaped by social pressure, not by the personal opinion which will affect the results. To avoid this we should divide the genres and then ask the willing and able candidates to provide information. This will help in collecting pure opinions. The second challenge is More Attention to Conditional Media Effects.  

Young Australians Are Facing an Obesity Crisis Research Paper

Young Australians Are Facing an Obesity Crisis - Research Paper Example Young people of Australia may be highly affected as they are emotional eaters and love to consume high caloric food items. On the other hand, the genetic tendency to become overweight can increase the obesity level of the body. A limited proportion of several fundamental hormonal issues, such as insulin resistance or polycystic ovaries can also increase the likelihood of extra weight gain (Smith, 2011). The individuals or young people may find it difficult to reduce their extra weight due to the above-mentioned aspects and tendencies. Beer is one of the popular alcoholic drinks among the young Australians. Excessive glycerol ingredients within the Australian beer are another reason behind this rising obesity level. Obesity is referred to as one of the critical and dangerous medical conditions. According to the medical science, obese or overweight can create several complexities in the bodies of the young people in near future. High cholesterol, fatty liver, health-wise, orthopedic problems, heart disease, diabetes, menstrual irregularities, difficulty in losing extra weight, shortness of breath and long-term infertility are the major risk factors for the young people of Australia. In addition, high obesity has several crippling and negative emotional side effects that can hamper the mental states of young people. Overweight is the major consequence of obesity. Overweight can reduce the self-esteem level of a young individual. All teenagers and young people try to maintain their physical fitness compared to the others. Overweight can prevent the young people to consume attractively and well-fitting clothes. Moreover, the obese individuals cannot eat and drink freely and comfortably among their f riends or associates (Miller, 2007). Most importantly, the individuals can feel that they are socially excluded due to their overweight and obese. Low self-esteem level can force a young person to become a pessimist.  Ã‚